The Rise of Gen Z and Alternative Politics in Nepal
The Gen Z movement has significantly reshaped the political landscape in Nepal. There is a noticeable shift in public sentiment away from traditional political parties, with many citizens aligning more closely with alternative forces. This change was explored in an interview with Milan Pandey, a pioneer campaigner for alternative politics in Nepal and a member of the Bibeksheel Party. Pandey also has close connections with leaders of the recent Gen Z movement, offering insights into the origins of the protests, the potential for a strong coalition of alternative political forces, and the emerging leadership of Gen Z.
Origins of the Gen Z Protests
The Gen Z protest that took place on September 8-9 can be likened to a volcanic eruption. Just as a volcano requires years of magma accumulation before it erupts, the protests were the result of long-standing frustrations against the political system and its leaders. These sentiments have been evident on the streets and in elections over the years.
For example, the ‘Enough is Enough’ movement in 2020 and Prem Acharya’s self-immolation in 2023 highlighted public dissatisfaction with governance. In the ballot box, there were notable instances such as Ranju Darshana securing 23,000 votes in the mayoral polls for Kathmandu in 2017, Balen Shah’s victory in the same polls five years later, and the sudden rise of the Rastriya Swatantra Party (RSP) in the 2022 general elections. These events reflect a growing preference for alternative political forces among Nepali people.
The movement did not emerge overnight or with foreign influence. It was the culmination of various incidents that erupted during the Gen Z protests, emphasizing the public’s search for alternative politics.
Impact of the Protest on Political Alliances
Before the Gen Z protests, several alternative political groups, including Balen Shah, Kulman Ghising, the RSP, and the Bibeksheel Party, were discussing forming an electoral alliance. The protests accelerated these discussions, bringing together all alternative political actors for the upcoming elections.
The snap polls shortened the timeline for unification, requiring faster efforts. The common agenda of promoting new leadership, good governance, and cleaning up the political system, along with the shared opposition to traditional party leaders, helped bring these groups together.
Disputes Among Gen Z Leaders
Gen Z leaders were united by their dissatisfaction with the regime and the Oli-Deuba-Dahal troika while calling for the September 8 protest against corruption and poor governance. While there are varied views beyond the common agenda, this is natural in any developing movement with multiple leaders.
For instance, there are differing opinions on whether to support a directly elected executive or the urgency of arresting former PM KP Sharma Oli and former Home Minister Ramesh Lekhak. However, the bottom line remains consistent: those responsible for the deaths of 21 individuals must be arrested and punished, the system enabling corruption must be eradicated, and snap polls must be held on time.
Challenges of Multiple Groups
With 122 registered political parties at the Election Commission before the Gen Z movement, having 10-12 Gen Z groups presents challenges. However, the focus should remain on unity and a shared agenda.
Immediate Arrest of Oli and Lekhak
Some Gen Z leaders demand the immediate arrest of Oli and Lekhak. Although taking action is vital, it must be done through proper legal procedures. Many Gen Z leaders now understand the importance of following the correct legal process, trusting officials like PM Sushila Karki and Home Minister Om Prakash Aryal to make the right decisions.
Timeliness of Elections
Despite a demoralized police force and delays in reaching a political consensus, timely elections are essential. Government employees have expressed commitment to holding elections on time. With over 140 days until the elections, the government needs to boost police morale and adhere to the EC’s timetable.
Traditional parties must realize that they are no longer the mainstream. The public’s inclination towards alternative forces indicates a need for reform and reflection.
Challenges for the New Mainstream
The main challenge for the new mainstream is forming an electoral alliance based on a common agenda. Structural changes in politics and the economy are necessary. While newer forces may differ in some aspects, they must find compromises without compromising fundamental beliefs.
Governance System Changes
Some Gen Z leaders advocate for changing the parliamentary system to a directly elected executive. However, such changes require constitutional amendments. Altering the system without legislative approval could undermine the constitution, leading to chaos.
Feasibility of an Alliance
An alliance based on the agenda of a directly elected executive could unite alternative forces if it aligns with their core beliefs. If such an alliance cannot secure a two-thirds majority, collaboration with traditional parties may be necessary.
Other Agendas for Unity
Party-related reforms, such as ending the culture of sharing political spoils post-elections, can bring the new mainstream together. Electoral reform, appointing ministers based on sector-wise achievements, and reducing the number of MPs and provincial ministers are also important agendas.
Socio-Economic Reforms
Socio-economic reforms are equally crucial. Increasing per capita income, improving minimum wages, and implementing tax reforms can enhance economic stability. Addressing financial leakages, such as food wastage, can redirect funds to productive sectors like education.
In conclusion, the Gen Z movement has set the stage for a new era in Nepali politics, emphasizing the need for unity, reform, and a focus on the public’s interests.