The Global Landscape of Fifth-Generation Fighter Jets
In today’s world, air superiority remains a defining measure of global power—and only a select few nations command the technology to field true fifth-generation fighter jets. These advanced aircraft combine stealth design, supersonic speed, cutting-edge avionics, and integrated weapons systems to give pilots unmatched combat dominance. Beyond their sheer performance, factors such as fleet size and operational readiness now shape the balance of power—from the United States’ unrivaled lead to China’s rapid buildup and rising contenders like South Korea.
This exclusive group of air forces stands at the forefront of modern warfare, where advanced jets can determine the outcome of battles long before they begin. Here are the seven countries operating the world’s most advanced 5th-generation fighter jets:
1. United States
The United States remains the undisputed leader in fifth-generation aviation, operating both the F-22 Raptor and the F-35 Lightning II. The F-22, primarily designed for air superiority, has been in service since 2005, with about 180 units active. The multirole F-35 has achieved global reach, serving across multiple branches of the U.S. military and allied air forces. With more than 1,200 F-35s in operation worldwide—most of them American-owned—the U.S. firmly holds the top spot in fifth-generation combat capability.
2. China
China’s Chengdu J-20 Mighty Dragon has become the pride of the People’s Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF). By 2025, more than 300 J-20s have entered active service, reflecting China’s rapid military modernization and ambition to rival Western air power. The J-20’s growing numbers and continual upgrades signal Beijing’s commitment to achieving air dominance in the Indo-Pacific region.
3. Russia
Russia fields the Sukhoi Su-57 Felon, which officially entered service in 2020. Around 20 to 25 units are currently operational. Though the fleet remains small, the Su-57’s combination of stealth, agility, and supercruise capability makes it a key asset in Russia’s quest to maintain strategic parity with NATO air forces.
4. United Kingdom
The United Kingdom operates the F-35B Lightning II, the short takeoff and vertical landing (STOVL) variant of the F-35. As of 2025, roughly 40 F-35Bs are in service, with plans to expand the fleet to between 60 and 80 aircraft. Deployed from both air bases and Royal Navy aircraft carriers, the F-35B forms the backbone of the UK’s modern carrier strike group operations.
5. Israel
Israel flies the F-35I Adir, a customized variant of the F-35A adapted with indigenous avionics and weapons systems. Since entering service in 2017, the Israeli Air Force has integrated approximately 46 F-35Is. The Adir’s tailored systems give Israel a unique operational edge, enhancing both deterrence and effectiveness in regional conflicts.
6. Japan
Japan operates both the F-35A and F-35B variants, with around 45 aircraft currently active. Tokyo plans to expand its fleet to 147 F-35s in total, making it one of the largest F-35 operators outside the U.S. This expansion is central to Japan’s efforts to modernize its air defense and strengthen its regional security posture.
7. South Korea
South Korea’s indigenous KF-21 Boramae program represents a major leap in its aerospace ambitions. Although not yet fully operational, the aircraft is expected to enter active service by 2026. Once deployed, the KF-21 will mark South Korea’s entry into the elite circle of nations capable of developing and fielding advanced fighter technology.
The Strategic Implications of Fifth-Generation Fighters
The development and deployment of fifth-generation fighter jets have significant strategic implications for global geopolitics. These aircraft are not just tools of war but also symbols of national prestige and technological prowess. Countries that possess these advanced capabilities gain a substantial advantage in both conventional and asymmetric warfare scenarios.
The United States’ leadership in this domain is reinforced by its extensive research and development programs, as well as its robust industrial base. China, on the other hand, is rapidly closing the gap, leveraging its growing economy and state-driven military modernization efforts. Russia continues to invest in its own fifth-generation platforms, despite economic challenges, to maintain its influence in global affairs.
The United Kingdom, Israel, Japan, and South Korea are all investing heavily in fifth-generation technology to enhance their national security and regional stability. These nations recognize that air superiority is crucial for protecting their interests and projecting power in an increasingly complex international landscape.
As the competition for technological supremacy intensifies, the role of fifth-generation fighters will only grow in importance. Their presence on the battlefield can shift the balance of power, influence diplomatic relations, and shape the future of global security. For countries seeking to assert themselves on the world stage, mastering this technology is no longer optional—it is essential.