Understanding Forever Chemicals and Their Impact on Daily Life
Forever chemicals, also known as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), have become an integral part of modern life. These compounds are found in a wide array of products, from cookware to personal care items. The term “forever chemicals” refers to their resistance to breaking down in the environment, making them persistent pollutants.
While not every level of PFAS exposure leads to health issues, research has indicated that high levels may be associated with various health problems such as birth defects, liver damage, reduced immunity, and even cancer. According to Dr Sabine Donnai, a GP and founder of Viavi clinic, the cumulative effect of PFAS exposure is what poses a risk to our health.
Common Household Items That May Contain PFAS
There are several household items that may contain PFAS, often without consumers being aware. Here are some of the most common ones:
- Non-stick pans
Non-stick pans, particularly those coated with Teflon, can release PFAS when overheated or damaged. Experts recommend avoiding high heat and replacing pans once they show signs of wear. It’s advisable to choose pans labeled as “PFAS-free” and “PTFE-free.” However, it’s important to note that labels like “PFOA-free” or “PFC-free” do not necessarily mean the product is entirely free of PFAS. Opting for ceramic, enameled cast iron, carbon steel, or stainless steel cookware is safer.
- Waterproof makeup
Some beauty products, including long-wear foundations, waterproof mascara, and liquid lipsticks, may contain PFAS. These chemicals can be absorbed through the skin, increasing the risk of exposure, especially with daily use. Consumers should look for ingredients containing “fluoro” or products marketed as waterproof, smudge-proof, or long-lasting.
- Leggings
Synthetic fabrics used in leggings and other activewear often have water-repellent coatings that may contain PFAS. A study by the University of Birmingham found that microplastics in clothing could leach into sweat and be absorbed through the skin. Choosing untreated fabrics can help reduce this risk.
- Toilet roll
PFAS can be found in toilet paper, especially recycled varieties. A 2023 study found PFAS in most brands of toilet paper globally. Consumers are advised to look for the “tested PFAS-free” label when purchasing toilet roll.
- Carpets
Carpets treated for stain resistance are a significant source of PFAS in homes. They can release PFAS into dust and act as long-term reservoirs. Experts recommend avoiding additional stain-proofing options unless there is a guaranteed PFAS-free option available.
- Household dust
Dust in homes can contain PFAS, posing a risk, especially to children who spend time on the floor. Keeping the home clean, using HEPA vacuum filters, and avoiding dry dusting with cloths can help reduce exposure.
Reducing PFAS Exposure: Practical Tips
Reducing PFAS exposure involves making small changes in daily habits. Increasing fibre intake through foods like oats, barley, beans, nuts, and seeds has been shown to help reduce PFAS levels in the body. Limiting contact with food packaging, including take-away containers and plastic food packaging, is another effective strategy.
Experts suggest that while the full elimination of PFAS from the body takes years, maintaining a healthy lifestyle and being mindful of the products we use can significantly reduce exposure. The European Commission is considering a ban on about 10,000 PFAS chemicals, and the UK government has already banned certain PFAS like PFOA, with plans to restrict others.
By making informed choices and adopting simple habits, individuals can minimize their exposure to these persistent chemicals and protect their health.